• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    ABSTRACT A method is carried out for obtaining information about the function of a battery assembly (2) and/or cabling (12) thereof in an electric system of a motor vehicle (1). This system comprises a said battery assembly having at least one power battery (3), a generator (6) and consumers (7) of electric energy both connected to opposite poles (4, 5) of said power battery on a consumer side thereof. A generator (6) is controlled to deliver a system voltage according to a voltage reference value and this voltage reference value is gradually lowered towards a limit value lower than an expected voltage level of said power battery. The system voltage is measured during this lowering and compared with said voltage reference value, through which information about the function of said battery assembly and/or cabling thereof is derived.
    公开号:SE1451102A1
    申请号:SE1451102
    申请日:2014-09-19
    公开日:2016-03-20
    发明作者:Gunnar Ledfelt
    申请人:Scania Cv Ab；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    1 A method for diagnosis of a battery in a motor vehicle and an electric system for carrying out such a method TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for obtaining information about the function of a battery assembly and/or cabling thereof in an electric system of a motor vehicle, said system comprising a said battery assembly having at least one power battery, a generator and consumers of electric energy both connected to opposite poles of said battery assembly on a consumer side thereof, a unit configured to control said generator to deliver a system voltage to said consumers according to a voltage reference value and means configured to measure said system voltage, as well as an electric system according to the preamble of the appended claim directed thereto.
    The invention is not restricted to any special type of motor vehicle, although the invention is particularly applicable to wheeled motor vehicles, especially utility vehicles, such as trucks or lorries and busses, and the invention will for that sake hereinafter primarily be discussed for that field of use for illuminating the invention but accordingly not in any way restrict it thereto.
    Said battery assembly may have only one power battery functioning as a service battery used to assist said generator to provide said consumers with electric energy or a number of such power batteries connected in series and/or in parallel, such as 2 two 12V batteries connected in series in a motor vehicle in the form of a truck. The battery assembly may have the only batteries of said electric system or the latter may be of dual type, i.e. having one or several such power batteries as well as a start battery connected in parallel with the power batteries of the battery assembly and connected to one pole of said battery assembly on the opposite side thereof with respect to the consumer side through a switch enabling disconnecting of the start battery from said consumer side.
    The good function of motor vehicles of today is increasingly depending upon the supply of electric energy to a number of consumers of such energy. These consumers are for instance headlamp bulbs, clutch actuators, servo-unit pumps and different microprocessors for controlling the operation of the vehicle. Said generator is normally used for generating electric energy and one or more said power batteries for storing electric energy. The capacity of the generator to supply current is when starting the motor of the motor vehicle in general sufficient to both charge said power batteries and supply electric energy to the electric energy consumers of the vehicle. In the case that the generator is overloaded, i.e. said consumers need more electric power than the generator is able to alone provide, the battery assembly will assist said generator so that enough current (electric power) will be provided to said consumers. However, would a mal-function of the battery assembly or the cabling thereof occur, so that the battery assembly may not contribute to the supply of electric energy any more this means that the generator has to alone take care of this. This is normally no problem for the generator, but if said battery assembly is not of said dual type the motor may not 3 be started again if it is turned off. However, if the load applied on the electric system by said consumers exceeds the capacity of the generator and the battery assembly has dropped out the system voltage will decrease rapidly, which may result in failure of the function of some of said consumers and occurrence of dangerous situations. Especially when headlamp bulbs and/or other bulbs of the vehicle are turned on or powerful electric actuators are activated such high needs of supply of electric power may suddenly occur that the generator will not be able to keep the system voltage at a normal level but it may sink below critical levels resulting in failure of components of said electric system. This is particularly critical if it happens during driving of the vehicle in darkness.
    BACKGROUND ART It is for that sake desired to be able to check the function of said battery assembly and/or cabling thereof for taking appropriate measures. EP 1 093 205 A2 describes a method for obtaining information about the function of a said battery assembly based on a comparison of a voltage supplied by a said generator and a system voltage for discovering a possible failure of said battery assembly.
    SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is to provide a method and an electric system of the type defined in the introduction being improved in at least some aspect with respect to such methods 30 and electric systems already known. 4 This object is with respect to the method obtained by providing such a method with the features listed in the characterizing part of appended patent claim 1.
    By lowering the voltage reference value used for controlling the generator in this way reliable information about the function of the battery assembly and/or cabling thereof may be efficiently obtained, since when said voltage reference value gets lower than the actual value of the battery voltage said battery assembly will take over the entire feeding of said consumers with electric energy if said cabling is in good order. This means that if that will not happen before said voltage reference value has reached said limit value the battery assembly does not work any longer either due to a failure of the cabling thereof or a mal-function of the battery assembly itself. An advantage of this method for obtaining this information is that it does not require application of any tools for carrying out the diagnosis and no new control units or the like have to be arranged in the vehicle for carrying out the method. Furthermore, the diagnosis may be carried out automatically without any involvement of the driver of the vehicle.
    According to an embodiment of the invention it is in said deriving step determined that a mal-function of said battery assembly and/or cabling thereof exists if a difference of said system voltage value and said voltage reference value during said lowering of the latter remains lower than a predetermined value. This predetermined value is then chosen so that a difference lower than that indicates that the system voltage value follows the voltage reference value of the generator, which means that said power battery is not able to deliver any electric energy to said consumers.
    According to another embodiment of the invention it is in said deriving step determined that a good function of said battery assembly and cabling thereof exists if a difference of said system voltage value and said voltage reference value during said lowering of the latter increases and exceeds a predetermined value. This fact shows that said battery assembly takes over the feeding of said consumers with electric energy and the battery assembly and the cabling thereof are functioning.
    According to another embodiment of the invention it is in said deriving step determined that a good function of said battery assembly and cabling thereof exists if when lowering said voltage reference value at a certain rate the system voltage measured starts to decrease at a lower rate. A comparison of these voltage changing rates constitutes another reliable way of determine if a good function of the battery assembly and cabling thereof exists.
    According to another embodiment of the invention it is in said deriving step determined that a mal-function of said battery assembly and/or cabling thereof exists if during said lowering of said voltage reference value at a certain rate towards said limit value the system voltage measured remains to decrease at the same rate until said limit value is reached. This means that the battery assembly is not able to deliver any electric energy to said consumers. 6 According to another embodiment of the invention said lowering of said voltage reference value is stopped and said method is terminated as soon as a said good function of said battery assembly and cabling thereof is determined. This avoids a substantial discharging of said at least one power battery of the battery assembly when carrying out the method.
    According to another embodiment of the invention said lowering of said voltage reference value is carried out at a rate so as to reach said limit value within 10 seconds — 60 seconds or seconds — 40 seconds. This speed of carrying out the method is suitable. If the speed is too high lamps of the vehicle may start to twinkle and if the speed is to low the battery will be unnecessarily much discharged.
    According to another embodiment of the invention said lowering of the voltage reference value is carried out towards a said limit value of 70% - 95% or 80% - 90 `)/0 of the expected voltage level of said battery assembly. Said limit value has to be set so that it will by said lowering of the voltage reference value be determined whether the battery assembly and cabling have a good function or a mal-function of the battery assembly and/or cabling exists. But a system voltage being at said limit value, which will be the case for the presence of a said mal-function, may not jeopardize the function of any equipment of the vehicle connected to said electric system of the motor vehicle. If for instance said expected voltage level in a truck is 26V some such equipment may automatically drop out if the system voltage gets lower than 20V. It would in such a case be suitable to have said limit value to be not lower than 21V. 7 According to another embodiment of the invention the method is carried out with a delay of a start of said motor of at least 5 minutes or at least 10 minutes. It is particularly interesting to carry out the method with such a delay of a start if it was necessary to get start assistance for starting the motor, since the result of the method will then show if said at least one power battery was only discharged or if a mal-function of the battery assembly or the cabling thereof in fact exists.
    According to another embodiment of the invention the method is carried out at least once each day said vehicle is driven. This is a suitable interval for carrying out the method, since the good function of said battery assembly and the cabling thereof will then be checked each day the vehicle is driven. If an existence of a said mal-function is determined this information should then be delivered to the driver if said electric system does not have any separate start battery, so that the driver then knows that if the motor is turned off it may not be started again.
    According to another embodiment of the invention the method is carried out when the load of said generator is less than 80 °A of the maximum generator load. This means that the electric system is prepared to meet possible sudden load increases that may occur. This also means that the method should not be carried out when the driver has a high need of light, such as when driving in darkness.
    According to another embodiment of the invention the method is carried out for a said electric system comprising at least one 8 further battery, such as a start battery, connected to said opposite poles of said battery assembly on a side thereof opposite to said consumer side and a switch arranged between one pole of the battery assembly and said further battery for enabling disconnecting of said further battery from said consumer side, and said steps of the method is carried out while keeping said switch open and by that said further battery disconnected from said consumer side of the battery assembly. This means that information about the function of the battery assembly may then be reliably obtained.
    According to another embodiment of the invention constituting a further development of the embodiment last mentioned if in said deriving step information about a mal-function of said battery assembly and/cabling thereof is obtained said switch is closed for connecting said further battery to said consumer side of the battery assembly, whereupon said system voltage is measured, and it is determined that it exists a mal-function of said battery assembly if said system voltage measured increases upon said closing of the switch and that a mal-function of said cabling exists if the value of the system voltage will not change by said closing of the switch. This means that it may be determined if said mal-function is due to a mal-function of the cabling or a malfunction of the battery assembly. If it is determined that it exists a mal-function of the battery assembly but the cabling of the battery assembly has a good function it will not be necessary to deliver this information to the driver of the vehicle, but the information may then possibly only be stored as a work shop code for later maintenance of the vehicle. 9 The object of the present invention is with respect to the electric system obtained by providing an electric system according to the independent electric system claim.
    The advantages of such a system appear clearly from the above discussion of the method according to the invention and the embodiments thereof.
    The invention also relates to a computer program having the 10 features of claim 15, a computer program product having the features of claim 16, an electronic control unit having the features of claim 17 and a motor vehicle according to claim 18.
    Other advantageous features as well as advantages of the present invention appear from the description following below.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS With reference to the appended drawings, below follows a specific description of embodiments of the invention cited as examples.
    In the drawings: Fig. 1illustrates very schematically an electric system according to an embodiment of the invention, Fig. 2is a graph illustrating a possible development over time of the system voltage for an electric system according to Fig. 1 when a method according to an embodiment of the present invention is carried out, Fig. 3is a graph corresponding to Fig. 2 illustrating what happens if a method according to an embodiment of the invention is carried out and a mal-function of the battery assembly of the electric system shown in Fig. 1 or the cabling thereof exists, Fig. 4is a flow chart illustrating the steps carried out in a method according to a first embodiment of the invention, Fig. is a view corresponding to Fig. 1 of an electric system according to another embodiment of the invention, Fig. 6is a flow chart of the steps in a method according to a second embodiment of the invention carried out for an electric system according to Fig. 5, and Fig. 7is a schematic view illustrating an electronic control unit for implementing methods according to the invention.
    DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION Fig. 1 illustrates very schematically the general structure of an electric system according to the invention configured to be arranged in a motor vehicle 1 schematically indicated and which has a battery assembly 2 with two power or service batteries 3 connected in series. The batteries are for example 12V-batteries, 11 so that a service or operation voltage between the two poles 4, 5 of the power battery assembly 2 is approximately 24V. A generator 6 and consumers 7 of electric energy are both connected to opposite poles 4, 5 of the battery assembly 2 on a consumer side 23 thereof. The box 7 represents an amount of components of the motor vehicle to be supplied with electric energy by the generator 6 and/or the battery assembly 2.
    An engine management system for controlling components of the electric system is schematically indicated by the box 8. This system 8 may include functions to be carried out by different parts of an electric system according to the present invention, and such parts have for that sake been shown to be included in the box 8. One such part is a unit 9 configured to control the generator 6 to deliver a system voltage Usys to the consumers 7 according to a voltage reference value. Means 10 are configured to measure said system voltage. An arrangement 11 is configured to provide the unit 9 with said voltage reference value and when carrying out a method for obtaining information about the function of the battery assembly 2 and/or cabling 12 thereof during operation of the motor of the vehicle 1 gradually lower said voltage reference value towards a limit value lower than an expected voltage level of the battery assembly 2. Means 13 are configured compare the value of the system voltage measured by the means 10 with said voltage reference value during the lowering of the latter. An apparatus 14 is configured to derive information about the function of the battery assembly 2 and/or cabling 12 thereof on the basis of the result of said comparison. 12 It is illustrated in Fig. 1 by arrows how the system current Isys for supplying the consumers 7 with electric energy may be composed by a current lb from the battery assembly 2 and a current Ig from the generator 6. However, once the motor of the vehicle has been started the capacity of the generator is in general high enough for both charging the power batteries of the battery assembly 2 and supplying said consumers 7 with electric energy. The battery assembly 2 will then only assist the generator to deliver electric energy to the system would the generator be overloaded.
    A method according to an embodiment of the invention will now be described while making reference to the graphs of Figs. 2 and 3. The method is carried out when the load of the generator is so that the battery assembly 2 is not participating in providing the consumers with electric energy, and the system voltage Usys is then higher than the expected battery voltage Ubex. The solid line in the figures shows the system voltage and the dashed line the voltage reference value delivered to the generator. The method is started at the time to by gradually lowering the voltage reference value towards a limit value Wm. Fig. 2 illustrates what happens if the power battery assembly 2 and the cabling 12 thereof are in good order, which means that the battery assembly 2 will define the system voltage and take over the feeding of electric energy to the consumers as soon as the voltage reference value delivered to the unit 9 will be lower than the voltage of the battery assembly 2. This happens at the time and the lowering of the voltage reference value is continued a short time after that, perhaps in the order of a couple of seconds, 30 so that a sufficient difference A between the system voltage 13 measured and the voltage reference value is obtained for being able to reliably state that a said good function of the battery assembly and the cabling thereof exists. The method is then terminated and said voltage reference value raised so that the generator will feed the consumers again and also charge the batteries of the battery assembly when needed.
    Fig. 3 shows what happens if there is a mal-function of the battery assembly 2 and/or the cabling 12 thereof. This means that the battery assembly may not deliver any electric energy to said consumers, so that the development of the system voltage will follow the development of the voltage reference value all the way to said voltage limit value Wm. The method is terminated when the system voltage measured reaches said limit value for not jeopardizing the function of any components of the vehicle depending upon supply of electric energy by said electric system. Information about said mal-function detected may then be shown to the driver of the vehicle, so that the driver then knows that it will not be possible to start the motor of the vehicle again would it be stopped.
    There are a number of circumstances influencing the expected voltage level of the battery assembly 2, and some of these circumstances may be considered when selecting said expected level and by that possibly also said limit value. The charging level of the batteries of the battery assembly, the size of said batteries and the overall condition of the batteries of the battery assembly are elements influencing said expected voltage level. The temperature is another such element, and said expected voltage level will be lowered with a falling temperature. 14 Fig. 4 illustrates a flow chart of a method according to an embodiment of the present invention carried out for an electric system of the type shown in Fig. 1. The method is started with a step Si of asking if there is more than 5 minutes since motor start. If the answer to this question is yes it is in a second step S2 asked if the load of the generator is less than 80% of maximum generator load. The steps Si and S2 are repeated until the answers to both said questions are yes. A step S3 of lowering the voltage reference value for the control of the generator and S4 of measuring the system voltage are then carried out in parallel. A comparison of system voltage measured and voltage reference value is at the same time carried out in a step S5 and it is asked in a step S6 if it is possible to derive information about the battery assembly and/or cabling thereof. If the answer to this question is yes the method is stopped, but if the answer to this question is no it is in a step S7 asked if the voltage reference value is higher than a limit value and if this is the case the steps S3-S6 are repeated. However, if the answer to this question is no the method is stopped. This means that if the method is stopped by answering the question in the step S6 by a yes a good function of the battery assembly and cabling thereof exists, and if it is stopped by answering the question in step S7 by a no a malfunction of the battery assembly and/or cabling thereof exists.
    Fig. 5 is a view corresponding to Fig. 1 of an electric system different from that shown in Fig. 1 by being of a so called dual type with two further batteries in the form of start batteries 15 connected to the opposite poles 4, 5 of the battery assembly 2 on a side 16 thereof opposite to said consumer side 22 and a switch 17 arranged between one pole 4 of the battery assembly 2 and the start batteries 15 for enabling disconnecting of the start batteries from said consumer side. Parts of this electric system corresponding to parts of the electric system shown in Fig. 1 are here provided with the same reference numerals. A method accordning to a second embodiment of the invention is carried out on this electric system in the same way as for the method described by use of Fig. 4 while keeping said switch 17 open and by that said start batteries disconnected from said consumer side 23 of the battery assembly 2. Fig. 6 is a flow chart only showing the last steps of this method differing from the steps of the method explained by Fig. 4. If this method is stopped by the fact that the voltage reference value has reached said limit value the method is continued by a step Ss following upon step S7 of Fig. 4 with a closure of the switch 17 for connecting the start batteries to the consumer side of the battery assembly 2. The system voltage is then measured in a step S9 and it is in a step Sio asked if said system voltage measured increases upon said closing of the switch, and if the answer to this question is yes it is in a step Sii concluded that it exists a mal-funciton of said battery assembly 2 but the cabling 12 thereof is in good order and if the answer to this question is no it is in a step S12 concluded that a mal-function of said cabling exists.
    Computer programme code for implementing a method according to the invention is with advantage included in a computer programme which can be read into the internal memory of a computer, e.g. the internal memory of an electronic control unit of a motor vehicle. Such a computer programme is with advantage provided via a computer programme product 16 comprising a data storage medium which can be read by a computer and which has the computer programme stored on it. Said data storage medium is for example an optical data storage medium in the form of a CD ROM disc, a DVD disc etc., a magnetic data storage medium in the form of a hard disc, a diskette, a cassette tape etc., or a flash memory or a memory of the ROM, PROM, EPROM or EEPROM type. Fig. 7 illustrates very schematically an electronic control unit 8 comprising an execution means 19, e.g. a central processor unit (CPU), for execution of computer software. The execution means 19 communicates with a memory 20, e.g. of the RAM type, via a data bus 21. The control unit 8 comprises also a non-transitory data storage medium 22, e.g. in the form of a flash memory or a memory of the ROM, PROM, EPROM or EEPROM type. The execution means 19 communicates with the data storage medium 22 via the data bus 21. A computer programme comprising computer programme code for implementing a method according to the invention, e.g. in accordance with any of the embodiments illustrated in Figs. 4 and 6, is stored on the data storage medium 22.
    The invention is of course in no way restricted to the embodiments described above, since many possibilities for modifications thereof are likely to be obvious to one skilled in the art without having to derivate from the scope of invention defined in the appended claims. 17
    权利要求:
    Claims (19)
    [1] 1. lower said voltage reference value gradually towards a limit value lower than an expected voltage level of said battery assembly (2), 2. measure said system voltage during the lowering of said voltage reference value, 3. compare the value of the system voltage measured with said voltage reference value during said lowering of the latter, and 4. derive information about the function of said battery as- sembly and/or cabling thereof on the basis of the result of said comparison.
    [2] 2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that it is in said deriving step determined that a mal-function of said battery assembly (2) and/or cabling (12) thereof exists if a 18 difference of said system voltage value and said voltage reference value during said lowering of the latter remains lower than a predetermined value.
    [3] 3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it in said deriving step is determined that a good function of said battery assembly (2) and cabling (12) thereof exists if a difference of said system voltage value and said voltage reference value during said lowering of the latter increases and exceeds a predetermined value.
    [4] 4. A method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is in said deriving step determined that a good function of said battery assembly (2) and cabling (12) thereof exists if when lowering said voltage reference value at a certain rate the system voltage measured starts to decrease at a lower rate.
    [5] 5. A method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is in said deriving step determined that a malfunction of said battery assembly (2) and/or cabling (12) thereof exists if during said lowering of said voltage reference value towards said limit value at a certain rate the system voltage measured remains to decrease at the same rate until said limit value is reached.
    [6] 6. A method according to claims 3 or 4, characterized in that said lowering of said voltage reference value is stopped and said method is terminated as soon as a said good function of 19 said battery assembly (2) and cabling (12) thereof is determined.
    [7] 7. A method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that said lowering of said voltage reference value is carried out at a rate so as to reach said limit value within 10 s - 60 s or 10 s - 40 s.
    [8] 8. A method according to any of the preceding claims, charac- terized in that said lowering of the voltage reference value is carried out towards a said limit value of 70%-95% or 80%90% of the expected voltage level of said at least one power battery.
    [9] 9. A method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is carried out with a delay of a start of said motor of at least 5 minutes or at least 10 minutes.
    [10] 10. A method according to any of the preceding claims, charac- terized in that it is carried out at least once each day said vehicle is driven.
    [11] 11. A method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is carried out when the load of said genera- tor (6) is less than 80% of the maximum generator load.
    [12] 12. A method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is carried out for a said electric system comprising at least one further battery (15), such as a start battery, connected to said opposite poles (4, 5) of said battery assembly (2) on a side (16) thereof opposite to said consumer side (23) and a switch (17) arranged between one pole (4) of the battery assembly (2) and said further battery (15) for enabling disconnecting of said further battery from said consumer side (23), and that said steps of the method is carried out while keeping said switch (17) open and by that said further battery (15) disconnected from said consumer side of the battery assembly (2).
    [13] 13. A method according to claim 12, characterized in that if in said deriving step information about a mal-function of said battery assembly (2) and/or cabling (12) thereof is obtained said switch (17) is closed for connecting said further battery (15) to said consumer side (23) of the battery assembly (2), whereupon said system voltage is measured, and it is determined that it exists a mal-function of said battery assembly (2) if said system voltage measured increases upon said closing of the switch (17) and that a mal-function of said cabling (12) exists if the value of the system voltage will not change by said closing of the switch.
    [14] 14. An electric system configured to be arranged in a motor vehicle and comprising 1. a battery assembly (2) having at least one power battery (3), 2. a generator (6) and consumers (7) of electric energy both connected to opposite poles (4, 5) of said battery assembly on a consumer side (22) thereof, 21 3. a unit (9) configured to control said generator (6) to deliver a system voltage to said consumers according to a voltage reference value, and 4. means (10) configured to measure said system voltage, characterized in that it also comprises 5. an arrangement (11) configured, during operation of the motor of said vehicle, to gradually lower said voltage reference value delivered to said unit (9) towards a limit value lower than an expected voltage level of said battery assembly (2), 6. means (13) configured to compare the value of the system voltage measured with said voltage reference value during said lowering of the latter, and 7. an apparatus (14) configured to derive information about the function of said battery assembly (2) and/or cabling (12) thereof on the basis of the result of said comparison.
    [15] 15. A computer programme comprising computer programme code for causing a computer to implement a method according to any one of claims 1-13 when the computer programme is executed in the computer.
    [16] 16. A computer programme product comprising a non-transitory data storage medium (22) which can be read by a computer and on which the programme code of a computer programme according to claim 15 is stored.
    [17] 17. An electronic control unit of a motor vehicle comprising an execution means (19), a memory (20) connected to the execution means and a non-transitory data storage medium 22 (22) which is connected to the execution means and on which the computer programme code of a computer programme according to claim 15 is stored.
    [18] 18. A motor vehicle, especially a wheeled vehicle such as a truck or a bus, characterized in that it comprises an electronic control unit according to claim 17. Patentansokan nr / Patent application No: 1451102-6 1 fOljande bilaga finns en oversattning av patentkraven till svenska. Observera att det är patentkravens lydelse pa engelska som galler. A Swedish translation of the patent claims is enclosed. Please note that only the English claims have legal effect.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    SE538337C2|2016-05-24|
    引用文献:
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    WO2019112505A1|2017-12-04|2019-06-13|Scania Cv Ab|A device for a motor vehicle electric system and a method for controlling such an electric system|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    SE1451102A|SE538337C2|2014-09-19|2014-09-19|A method for diagnosing a battery in a motor vehicle and an electric system for carrying out such a method|SE1451102A| SE538337C2|2014-09-19|2014-09-19|A method for diagnosing a battery in a motor vehicle and an electric system for carrying out such a method|
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